ISSN 2447-9195 A Geofronter é um periódico digital com fluxo contínuo. Está associada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul e ao Grupo de Pesquisa Gefrontter. Tem como objetivo promover a difusão do conhecimento com debates para o desenvolvimento da sociedade. Publica trabalhos de caráter amplo, buscando acrescentar novos conhecimentos ao saber geográfico em todas os seus aspectos, inclusive textos de outras áreas do saber que dialogam com a Geografia. A Geofronter conta com secções de artigos, traduções de artigos, resenhas, notas de pesquisa e imagens e/ou mapas comentados. QUALIS/CAPES (2017-2020): A4
Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS
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The Use of technological materials in the teaching of geography
The article discusses the use of technological materials as a resource for the teaching of Geography, with a focus on 3D printing, digital technologies and geotechnologies and it addresses the advantages and challenges of their implementation in the classroom. The objective of this article is to analyze the potential of technological resources in teaching practice. The methodology consists of a qualitative approach, literature review and discussions with authors who theoretically support the study. The results indicate that 3D printing facilitates students' understanding of the terrain, while digital technologies and geotechnologies enrich the teaching and learning process, increase accuracy in the analysis of geographic data and prepare students for an increasingly technological world.
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QUILOMBOLA WOMEN AND WHAT THEY HAVE TO SAY TO GEOGRAPHERS WHO ARE DEDICATED TO STUDYING THE COUNTRYSIDE AND/OR RURAL
This is a work that aims to be a theoretical essay based on the narrative review of concepts such as gender, body and territory and their material-symbolic expression in the field and/or rural areas. We problematize what are the discourses that inscribe the existence of black women (individually and collectively) in the countryside and/or in rural areas. We start from the following assumptions: I) The countryside continues to be a sexist, misogynistic and homophobic space; II) Productive activities in the field occur unequally when involved in gender relations and racial differences; III) Women in the countryside and/or rural areas remain in a condition of scum and subjugation under a masculinist technocratic platform and political underrepresentation. Given this situation, we trust in quilombos and quilombola women as political and culturally insurgent experiences with regard to the construction and implementation of a project of an anti-racist and anti-sexist peasant feminine culture based on political self-representation, mutual affection and unsubmissive corporeality.
A DINÂMICA DE USO DA TERRA NAS VEREDAS DA ÁREA DE PRESERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DO RIO PADEIROS
Veredas play a pivotal role in the hydrological equilibrium of Cerrado watercourses in the semi-arid north of Minas Gerais.In recent decades, studies have demonstrated that anthropogenic activities have impacted the capacity and resilience of this ecosystem in the Pandeiros River Environmental Protection Area (APA).In this context, the research evaluated the dynamics of land use and land cover in the area immediately surrounding this Vereda subsystem between 2015 and 2023. To this end, remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were employed, with particular reliance on data from the Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) sensor.During the period under scrutiny, the vegetation cover experienced a reduction of 79.9 km², with Vereda exhibiting a notable loss of 18.6 km².The findings of this study enabled the assessment of the discriminative power of the non-parametric Decision Tree method in mapping the delineated classes. The accuracy of the classification was evaluated using the error matrix and the kappa coefficient.To collect ground truth samples and validate the results, three campaigns were carried out in the study area using GPS receivers.
PAISAGEM E DINÂMICA EROSIVA DA PLANÍCIE DE INUNDAÇÃO NA BACIA AMAZÔNICA
A Planície de Inundação Amazônica apresenta dinâmica própria cuja configuração atual é herdada dos processos cenozoicos que formaram a bacia hidrográfica do rio Amazonas; a compreensão da ação erosiva atuante foi o principal objeto adotado, conduzindo a investigar a ocorrência de processos erosivos de origem fluvial, os conceitos aplicados e risco social resultante. Adotou-se um conjunto de pesquisas realizadas, visando quantificar e qualificar a erosão fluvial e a ocorrência de movimentos de massa; a delimitação das áreas de segmentos de drenagem influentes; sua caracterização geológica e geomorfológica; associação com a presença de cidades e demais localidades; e avaliação integrada dos indicadores gerados. Do total 33,01% da região avaliada apresentaram baixo potencial a ocorrência de processos erosivos e 53,85% de alto. Porém, quanto a localização das áreas de ocupação, 56,38% estão em regiões de média exposição e 35,42% de alta. O padrão identificado representa a necessidade da gestão de riscos integrada na região e a ampliação das pesquisas visando a melhor definição dos processos e de seus agentes causadores.
The Geography of trade in the city of Varzelândia, Minas Gerais
The history of humanity has been marked by an interrelationship between trade and the city, which has been intensified with the consolidation of the capitalist structure. Trade is not only a generator of wealth, but also an active agent in the process of organizing and configuring urban space. The dynamics of local trade in the city of Varzelândia, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, sparked interest in researching this topic, as it promotes spatial interactions between traders and buyers (consumers). The purpose of this article is to analyze the process of expansion of commerce in cities and their socio-spatial dynamics, focusing on commercial activities in Varzelândia in the period from 2017 to 2022. The methodology adopted involved a literature review to establish its theoretical foundation, addressing the history of commerce and its process of evolution and innovation in socioeconomic dynamics. At the empirical level, fieldwork was carried out, followed by collection of the location points of all retail businesses located in the urban area, using the Google Earth platform. The results indicate that commerce plays a key role in generating wealth, through the circulation of products and services, boosting the economy in the space in which it is located, as observed in retail commerce in Varzelândia.
CHARACTERISTICS AND DYNAMICS OF E-COMMERCE IN BRAZIL
The growth of e-commerce in Brazil during and after the Covid-19 pandemic, restructured the format of production chains and sales and distribution networks. Based on statistical reports produced by agencies specializing in e-commerce, such as Webshoppers (EBIT) and Conversion, and with empirical field research in some cities in the interior of São Paulo specialized in the production of footwear and leather items, we aim to answer which are currently the main online sales platforms in Brazil, as well as their main market niches. We also answer in this study how e-commerce has enabled the resumption of production in areas specialized in the production of non-durable goods, specifically for small and medium-sized industries, which have had idle capacity since the industrial dismantling promoted by neoliberal policies in the 1990s. Another important discussion that covers our study is the controversy surrounding the taxation of purchases of imported goods via e-commerce with values ​​below US$50.00, in which we identify the main arguments favorable and unfavorable to the measure.
TRANSIÇÃO DEMOGRÁFICA E ENVELHECIMENTO POPULACIONAL NA MICRORREGIÃO DE FRANCISCO BELTRÃO
O envelhecimento populacional tem se destacado como uma das principais características demográficas no Brasil nas últimas décadas. Enquanto países desenvolvidos vivenciam esse processo há mais tempo, em nações em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, ele se intensificou a partir da segunda metade do século XX, em decorrência da queda da fecundidade e do aumento da expectativa de vida. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o processo de transição demográfica e o envelhecimento populacional na microrregião de Francisco Beltrão (PR), entre 1970 e 2022, com ênfase no município-polo. Foram utilizados dados dos Censos Demográficos do IBGE, considerando a população residente por sexo e faixa etária. Os resultados evidenciaram que, embora o padrão regional acompanhe a tendência nacional, há especificidades, como a migração seletiva de jovens e adultos economicamente ativos para outras localidades, o que contribui para o aumento proporcional da população idosa. Observou-se, no período analisado, a transição de uma estrutura etária jovem, com base larga nas pirâmides populacionais, para um perfil mais envelhecido, marcado pela redução da população de 0 a 14 anos e pelo crescimento da faixa etária de 60 anos ou mais. Constatou-se, ainda, a predominância da população urbana, com concentração de serviços e oportunidades no município de Francisco Beltrão. Tais mudanças trazem desafios às políticas públicas, especialmente nas áreas de saúde, previdência e mercado de trabalho, exigindo ações intersetoriais voltadas à retenção de jovens, à promoção do envelhecimento saudável e à adequação da rede assistencial ao novo perfil epidemiológico, caracterizado pelo aumento das doenças crônicas.
PROPOSTA DE INDICADORES PARA O ESTUDO DA CAMINHABILIDADE EM MUNICÍPIOS MÉDIOS
O caminhar é uma atividade diária, inerente à condição humana, popular em países desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos, empregada nos deslocamentos urbanos e na realização de atividades físicas e de lazer — sendo uma importante ferramenta na busca pela melhoria da saúde coletiva. Desenvolve-se a partir das características do ambiente urbano e da finalidade dos deslocamentos, cuja função é a articulação do espaço e que possui o poder de estimular a transformação no padrão de construção das cidades. Todavia, seu funcionamento requer a presença de condições favoráveis. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo propor critérios avaliativos a serem considerados no desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia de estudo da caminhabilidade. Para isso, adota como ações metodológicas o caráter teórico, composto pela verificação de metodologias voltadas ao estudo das condições de caminhabilidade em cidades consideradas de médio porte (revisão da literatura). Os resultados obtidos demonstram a necessidade de se incorporar aos instrumentos de pesquisa do tema critérios como: segurança pública, segurança viária, ambiente urbano, atratividade do espaço, características das calçadas, mobilidade urbana, construção urbana e políticas urbanas e de gestão. Como conclusão, verificou-se que existem dificuldades em medir com precisão o grau de caminhabilidade, devido à presença de elementos subjetivos, ligados à percepção individual, e à baixa disponibilidade metodológica na literatura especializada — na maioria dos casos, restrita à composição das calçadas ou às características do ambiente urbano. Entretanto, tais limitações podem ser explicadas pela dificuldade de instrumentalizar e aplicar em campo os parâmetros pertinentes ao tema.
SUSTENTABILIDADE E EXPANSÃO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA BACIA DO BAIXO RIO GRANDE/MG
This study aimed to analyze the expansion of sugarcane in the Lower River Grande/MG region between 1990 and 2022. The methodology utilized land use maps from 1990 and 2022, with data obtained from projects such as MapBiomas. The main land use classes were evaluated, including sugarcane, pastures, native vegetation, other uses, and reservoir areas. The results indicated a significant growth in the area allocated to sugarcane, which increased from 1.84% in 1990 to 22.05% in 2022, while pasture and native vegetation areas decreased significantly, by 54.98% and 23.04%, respectively. It is concluded that although the expansion of sugarcane is economically relevant, it is essential to implement sustainable management strategies to mitigate environmental impacts and ensure the conservation of water resources and biodiversity in the region.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS CORES E PADRÕES VISUAIS NA PERCEPÇÃO EMOCIONAL E ESTÉTICA DA FLORESTA URBANA
The colors of trees play a fundamental role in aesthetic evaluation and evoke emotional effects, influencing interest in environmental conservation. This study analyzed how different color tones and distribution patterns in tree canopies affect scenic beauty and emotions in the population. Using the Photopea program, versions of a tree were created in seven colors (green, red, blue, yellow, pink, purple, and white) and four color distribution patterns. A Google Forms questionnaire collected color preferences, aesthetic evaluations, and emotional associations. Results indicated that purple, yellow, and green were the preferred colors, with purple associated with the highest aesthetic value (SBE = 0.70). Full and blended color distributions were the most appreciated, reflecting a preference for visual harmony. Yellow evoked joy, green was associated with love and tranquility, while purple generated admiration. White was the least preferred color, associated with sadness and apprehension, while red elicited discomfort and curiosity. Positive emotions, such as joy and tranquility, were related to colors with higher SBE (purple, yellow, and green), while negative emotions, such as sadness and discomfort, were linked to colors with lower SBE (white and red). The study highlights that the distribution of colors in tree canopies has a greater impact on aesthetics than isolated tones, demonstrating the relationship between aesthetic perception and emotions.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUGAR ENERGY SECTOR IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF PARANAVAÍ, TAMBOARA AND PARAÍSO DO NORTE
The implementation of the sugarcane industry in Paraná occurred mainly in the north and northwest of the state and was supported by state incentives through subsidies and public policies. The region also has favorable soil and climate factors for sugarcane cultivation, as well as cheap and abundant labor. The sugarcane industry has been territorializing and expanding its borders over several municipalities in Paraná. Thus, this study aims to identify how the implementation of this industry occurred in the municipalities of Paranavaí, Tamboara and Paraíso do Norte and its influence on the local economy. As a methodology, we used bibliographical research and field observation to identify changes in the landscape and the socioeconomic impact caused by the mechanization of planting and harvesting this grass. As a result, we identified that the main agricultural product cultivated in these municipalities is sugarcane and due to the advance of mechanization and the acquisition of machinery for cultivation and harvesting, it has caused structural unemployment, which has been causing socioeconomic impacts in these municipalities.
Ariana Castilhos dos Santos Toss Sampaio
DISPUTAS POLÍTICAS E O CONCEITO DE RACIOCÍNIO GEOGRÁFICO NA BNCC
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o conceito de raciocínio geográfico na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). O conceito de raciocínio geográfico, com a BNCC, emergiu em um cenário de reformas e disputas político-ideológicas pela educação. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizam-se como técnicas de pesquisa a análise bibliográfica, documental e a aplicação de questionário semiestruturado para professores de Geografia. Conclui-se que, com base no conceito de raciocínio geográfico, o ensino de Geografia se apresenta de forma a contribuir para uma educação técnico-instrumental, por meio de um esvaziamento teórico, que busca apenas a correlação, em detrimento da contextualização com as realidades cotidianas dos educandos. Além disso, no cenário de ressignificação da escola pública, a autonomia e o raciocínio crítico são substituídos por uma sujeição à razão econômica.
Este artigo reflete sobre diferentes concepções da estruturação urbana, utilizando a ideia de paradigma para compreender os embates que se dão no campo da teoria sobre o espaço urbano. Os paradigmas foram divididos em dois: equilíbrio e conflito. Na busca por uma teoria para compreensão mais abrangente os processos urbanos encontramos uma porta de entrada a partir da renda da terra, mesmo que ela não exclua outros elementos que precisam ser levados em consideração. Portanto, retomamos esse debate tomando como orientação a perspectiva marxista e discutimos como ela foi paulatinamente incorporada para a investigação das cidades. A teoria da renda da terra tem algumas aplicações que podem ser mais bem exploradas, como no caso das localizações na cidade e a dispersão urbana. As investidas do capital em direção a periferia da cidade encontram uma série de condicionantes e interpretações expostas neste artigo. A despeito do longo debate que podemos encontrar em diversos autores, nosso objetivo foi ressaltar que para além dos elementos apresentados na literatura especializadas podemos acrescentar o tema da apropriação da renda da terra urbana. Portanto, este texto é uma discussão essencialmente teórica da bibliografia especializada. Para esse objetivo empreendemos uma extensiva pesquisa de obras a partir das palavras-chave selecionadas para esta pesquisa.
STREET CARNIVAL IN CAMPO GRANDE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: OCCUPYING THE CITY AND TRANSFORMING REALITY
This article, the result of research conducted during the preparation of a master's dissertation in the postgraduate program in Cultural Studies at UFMS-Aquidauana Campus, analyzes street carnival in Campo Grande from a cultural, historical, social and economic perspective, highlighting its relevance as a popular manifestation and space of resistance. Through interviews, historical data and theoretical analysis, the aim was to understand the importance of carnival as a hybrid, dynamic and transformative cultural practice. The study addresses the boom of street carnival in Brazil in the 21st century, the origins of carnival in Campo Grande and the transformations that have occurred over time, highlighting how this festival has reflected local diversity and specificities. In Campo Grande, in the 21st century, street carnival has consolidated itself as a growing phenomenon, challenging prejudices and overcoming obstacles, often imposed by conservative policies and the lack of government support. Street blocks, such as Cordão Valu and the others that were created after it, are the protagonists of these transformations and demonstrate that carnival is resistance and struggle, an important ally in the discussion of urban space and also has great potential as an economic catalyst.
NARROW RIVER: THE TERRITORIAL FORMATION OF AQUIDAUANA THROUGH MILITARY ACTION
This article reflects on the Territorial Formation of Aquidauana, from the context of the construction and consolidation of the Western Frontier. The aim is to present an overview of this rich process, which spans more than four centuries. The time frame established goes from the end of the 16th century, when the region began to experience European presence, to the middle of the 20th century. Aquidauana, the “narrow river”, has a strong ethnic, cultural, social, etc. presence of native peoples. This “Mesopotamia” between the Paraguay and Paraná rivers was the scene of intense territorial disputes, and Santiago de Xerez is a landmark in this regard. Its ruins reveal how much this territorial cut-off was a nodal point for the bandeirante initiative. The Retirada da Laguna (1867) was yet another reflection of the frictions inherent in the territory, a locus of dispute in essence. At the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, the telegraph was the first state initiative to integrate the province. Continuing into the last century, various military organizations were based in the city, with the peak being the participation of the 9th Combat Engineering Battalion in World War II (1939-1945). The following concepts will be fundamental to this work: Territory, Territorialization, Territoriality and Border.
ANÁLISE DA EVOLUÇÃO ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DOS FOCOS DE CALOR NO MUNICÍPIO DE MONTES CLAROS-MG, NO PERÍODO DE 2002 A 2022
Since the early days of humankind, the occupation process arising from the development of agricultural activities has been accompanied by the use of fire as an agricultural management practice. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of hotspots that occurred in the municipality of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, between the years 2002 and 2022, seeking to compile, tabulate and analyze this data. In the methodology, records of hotspots obtained from the Brazil’s Wildfire Database (BD Queimadas/INPE) were used, being then processed in the QGIS software platform. It was found that the year with the highest number of hotspots in the municipality was 2003 (152 hotspots), while the year with the lowest incidence was 2017 (6 hotspots). In the spatial analysis, it was found that the occurrences of hotspots were concentrated in the north, east and south sectors. Finally, the results obtained may contribute to identifying a trend scenario for the occurrence of hotspots in Montes Claros, MG, providing support for correct decision-making by the relevant public bodies.
O presente artigo é instrumento por meio do qual abordamos, introdutoriamente, os fundamentos e proposições da Geografia Florestal e explicitamos um Sistema Agroflorestal que está sendo desenvolvido, por meio de projeto de extensão, em uma propriedade rural no município de Sidrolândia, MS. Nossa metodologia se baseia na pesquisa bibliográfica e na metodologia participativa. A pesquisa bibliográfica é realizada em conjunto com alunos e pequenos produtores rurais, por meio das reuniões de nosso laboratório e a metodologia participativa, por sua vez, se fundamenta no diálogo sem hierarquia entre conhecimentos científicos e populares na meta pela análise geográfica e implementação de agroecossistemas florestais. Concluímos demonstrando a importância da Geografia Florestal enquanto ciência e prática que possui como objetivo compreender, geograficamente, os entraves e as oportunidades presentes no próprio espaço geográfico para o desenvolvimento e avanço dos sistemas agroflorestais.
USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS IN DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT – A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
In recent years, dam safety management has been improved by technological advances. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have emerged as an effective and cost-effective solution for monitoring and inspections. The use of UAS allows obtaining high-resolution data and reaching areas inaccessible by traditional methods, providing greater efficiency and accuracy in structural assessments and analysis of dam conditions. This study aims to conduct a Systematic Literature Review on the application of UAS in dam safety management, identifying the main methods of using these aircraft for inspection, mapping, analysis and risk management. The research examines the technologies associated with the use of UAS, aiming at preventive and sustainable management of water resources and a rapid response to possible structural failures. The PRISMA method was used to select and analyze 54 academic studies from three databases: Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct. As a result, it was observed that the adoption of the technology represents a significant advance in risk management in dams, in addition to facilitating access to remote areas, enabling early identification of failures and assisting in strategic decision-making. These advantages reinforce the role of UAS as strategic tools in risk management and decision-making focused on dam safety.
THE INTERIORIZED URBAN NETWORK IN THE UPPER WEST OF POTIGUAR, UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PAU DOS FERROS, RN, BRAZIL
The connections and (re)organizations of territories occur through urban networks in their scalar diversity. In recent decades, we have observed a new dynamic in the Brazilian urban network that points to an intensification of interiorized urbanization in the Northeast region, characterized by small and medium-sized cities, far from the large centers located on the coast. Despite these changes that have occurred in the interior urban networks, the studies that deal with urban networks are mostly related to medium-sized cities and large metropolises. Therefore, there is a need for studies that address interior urban networks, in order to understand the dynamics of these spaces, as well as to plan regional public policies. We propose to analyze the interiorized urban network in the Alto Oeste Potiguar, led by the city of Pau dos Ferros. To achieve the proposed objective, we adopted a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, and among the results obtained, it is possible to identify a reorganization of the inland urban network in the Alto Oeste Potiguar region, in which Pau dos Ferros constitutes an important node that defines the meanings of urbanization in this part of the semi-arid territory.
This research analyzes the dynamics of collectors of recyclable and reusable materials in Baixada Maranhense, focusing on their working conditions, organization and social perception of the activity. The region faces serious problems with the inadequate disposal of solid waste, with municipalities using open dumps, where collectors work in unsanitary conditions, often without support from public authorities. The population is generally unaware of the activities carried out by collectors, confusing them with regular collection workers. The lack of effective public policies and the non-application of the provisions of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) in municipalities contribute to the exclusion and marginalization of these workers, who remain invisible to society. The results indicate that although the integration of collectors into solid waste management, through cooperatives and associations, is fundamental to guarantee decent working conditions and promote their social inclusion, actions in municipalities are incipient or null. The implementation of selective collection and supporting public policies is essential to optimize the recycling process and reduce environmental impacts. It is concluded that the work of collectors, although vital for environmental preservation, should not be romanticized, reflecting a response to economic exclusion in a context of unemployment and precarious work. This study offers a basis for future discussions on solid waste management and the role of collectors in Baixada Maranhense.
O LUGAR SAGRADO E A EXPERIÊNCIA DEVOCIONAL
Esta pesquisa, realizada entre 2020 e 2023, compreendeu a experiência religiosa nas Novas Comunidades Católicas (NCCs) Maranata e Rainha da Paz, situadas em Sobral (CE). O objetivo do artigo é discutir os significados geográficos dos lugares sagrados que emergem dessas comunidades, originárias da Renovação Carismática Católica (RCC). Para abordar essa questão, adotamos uma perspectiva teórica fundamentada na Geografia Humanista e na Geografia da Religião, com ênfase na sensibilidade desses lugares sagrados, especialmente aqueles que se destacam pelas práticas de devoção mariana. Também foram considerados os dramas sociais, compreendidos como as dinâmicas que transitam do político ao religioso. A metodologia incluiu a participação nas atividades das comunidades, complementada por uma análise documental, o uso de fotografias, folders, mapeamentos cartográficos e cognitivos, além de entrevistas, cujas contribuições foram particularmente discutidas neste texto. O resultado foi uma abordagem geográfica das experiências religiosas geradas nos lugares sagrados, contribuindo para o entendimento das questões religiosas na Geografia.
Innovations have reached the traditional teaching method, as they have inserted digital information and communication technologies with the aim of promoting active methodology to transform student learning in educational institutions, through playful tools, such as gamification. In this sense, the present research aimed to analyze the possibility of using flashcards, created on the Quizlet platform, as a mechanism to improve the learning of basic tourism terminologies for first-year tourism students at a public university. For data collection, bibliographic and documentary research, the descriptive method and the qualitative-quantitative approach were used with the application of 12 flashcards, created on the Quizlet platform. In addition, a questionnaire with 5 closed questions based on the Likert scale was also applied to evaluate student learning and the usability of the platform in question. After collection, the data were analyzed and interpreted using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27 software, considering the mean, mode, median, standard deviation and the sum of the variables. The results demonstrate the viability of the Quizlet platform, given its ease of application and use, and also the contributions of active methodologies as facilitating tools in teaching-learning. However, for this insertion to be possible, the participation of teachers in this process is necessary and fundamental.
MEGAINFRAESTRUTURAS E AGRONEGÓCIO NA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL
A Amazônia Legal se inscreve historicamente na dinâmica nacional e global capitalista, por meio, sobretudo, de processos de territorialização de agentes econômicos (empresariais e estatais), calcados em megainfraestruturas. Territorialização essa que recentemente está associada a financeirização dos sistemas de infraestrutura e do regime agroalimentar corporativo. Megainfraestruturas que se dispersarm pela Amazônia Legal, sudoeste do Pará, em especial no Corredor Norte/BR-163 (envolvendo municípios de Novo Progresso, Trairão, Rurópolis e Itaituba). O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e análisar os projetos, de agentes econômicos e os efeitos socioterritoriais do referido Corredor, entre 2014 e 2023. O trabalho baseia-se principalmente em pesquisa de campo, pesquisa documental e entrevistas. Verifica-se novos projetos: portuários, hidroviários, rodoviários, termelétricos e hidrelétricos assim como “novos” agentes econômicos: concessionária da BR-163, tradings e multinacionais, associadas a infraestruturas - armazéns, silos, pátios de triagem, postos de combustível, portos e balsas. Observa-se alguns efeitos: a expansão do plantio de soja, desmatamentos, incêndios, aquecimento do mercado de terras, conflitos e violências. Presencia-se uma intensa “nova” grafia e controle do território em curso nessa região, com a consolidação de um complexo baseado em grãos-pecuária-madeira-fertilizante-combustível-infraestrutura, como forma de promover a fluidez e os ganhos da cadeia do agronegócio
The use of field visits as a teaching methodology in Geography is a fundamental approach for reflecting on natural and anthropogenic aspects. In this context, a key question arises: how can the teaching of geography in natural spaces integrate the knowledge acquired in the classroom? Thus, the objective is to analyze the organization of geographic and landscape spaces, considering the interaction between natural and anthropogenic elements, through the analysis of geological and geomorphological characteristics, as well as understanding the socioeconomic dynamics of the visited areas as a potential for the geoconservation process and, consequently, the proposition for geopatrimony. The research was qualitative in nature, classified as applied research, incorporating bibliographic and field studies. Geoprocessing techniques were employed, along with photographic records for mapping purposes. The main methodological concept of investigation was identifying areas of interest from the perspective of geopatrimony, based on the conception of fieldwork as a learning tool. The results and discussions indicate that the itinerary of the visited cities enabled reflection on the economic and tourism aspects linked to water resources and geomorphology, highlighting their relationship with other socioeconomic and sociocultural activities. Therefore, the analysis and interaction between natural and anthropogenic elements in the visited landscapes proved to be highly beneficial for fostering new discussions in geographic science and for emphasizing the significance of fieldwork in research.
A TRAJETÓRIA DA INDUSTRIALIZAÇÃO E DESCONCENTRAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL NO BRASIL
Abstract: Industrialization in Brazil, initially concentrated in the Southeast, began to expand to other regions from the 1970s, driven by public policies and improvements in infrastructure. In São Lourenço do Oeste, this expansion facilitated the transition from an agricultural and extractive economy to a robust industrial sector, supported by small business initiatives. The aim of this study was to analyze Brazil's geoeconomic dynamics, focusing on western Santa Catarina, specifically in São Lourenço do Oeste. To achieve this, a bibliographic research was conducted, complemented by fieldwork in the municipality, particularly in the São Francisco neighborhood, where the Kellogg's/Parati factory is located. The fieldwork allowed for the investigation of the infrastructure and industrial distribution in this area. The results showed that São Lourenço do Oeste's economic transformation is linked to Small Commodity Production, the influence of the deconcentration of Brazilian industry, and economic adaptation in the face of the 1980s crisis and the crisis triggered by Operation Car Wash. Additionally, the acquisition of Parati by the multinational Kellogg's was analyzed as an example of how foreign capital plays a central role in local economic reorganization. Despite the economic challenges brought on by these crises, São Lourenço do Oeste managed to sustain industrial growth, as evidenced by the increase in GDP and economic diversification, consolidating itself as a dynamic industrial municipality in western Santa Catarina.
ANÁLISE DA MUDANÇA NO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PERDIDO/MS
Understanding the dynamics of river basins is essential for environmental planning and the sustainability of water resources. This research aims to analyze changes in land use and land cover in the Perdido River basin in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, contributing to more efficient and sustainable environmental planning. In this context, the aim is to investigate how changes in land use and land cover in the Perdido River basin in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul have impacted its watercourses and the integrity of its ecosystems over time. Through a systemic analysis, the methodology uses the creation of land use and land cover maps, prepared in the Qgis software. In addition, the research involved a comprehensive literature review, using online databases, such as scientific articles, dissertations, and theses. The results indicate a reduction in savanna formation, a significant increase in the area cultivated with soybeans and the inclusion of forestry, in addition to a decrease in the number of water bodies in the basin and an alarming situation of siltation. These findings highlight the urgent need for sustainable management strategies to mitigate these impacts and preserve water resources and local biodiversity. It is important to note that immediate action is essential for the recovery and sustainable management of the area, in order to prevent the irreversible loss of this vital natural resource and ensure the ecological health of the region.
TIME SERIES APPLIED TO ENVIRONMENTAL FRAGILITY DYNAMICS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BRAZÓPOLIS-MG
The present research aimed to understand the transformations occurring in environmental fragility, associated with human actions present in the municipality of Brazópolis-MG, using the concept of time series to observe such changes occurring in the physical environment. The research was based on the understanding of fragility according to the conduct and modes of operation in the relationship between man and environment in the study area, with analysis of time series from 1985 to 2021, aiming to trace its effects and prepare an auxiliary document of public utility for environmental planning and monitoring. The study was developed based on the characterization of the area and outlining a set of environmental elements that, together with human actions, made it possible to interpret the fragility in each temporality, comprising the areas of land cover that present greater potential for environmental risks, associated with the uses of land employed in the municipal area based on the approach of Ross (1994). Among the main results, the visualization of the increase in concentrations of more fragile areas stands out, precisely in places that present a reduction in natural vegetation cover, an increase in agricultural production and an intensification of anthropogenic interference in the environment. The importance of geotechnologies for monitoring and understanding the movements of fragility classes for future perspectives for the ordering of environmental, social, political and economic issues is highlighted.
BASIC SANITATION IN THE ALTO OESTE MICRORREGION OF RN
Basic sanitation is one of the main pillars for promoting public health and quality of life and is essential for the social, economic and environmental development of a region. Given this, this study aims to present the diagnosis of basic sanitation in Rio Grande do Norte and the Alto Oeste region of this state based on water distribution and collection services with sewage treatment. The methodology used is research of a basic nature, its classification is exploratory and descriptive, with a documentary survey that allows the precise elaboration, through maps, tables and graphs, of the detailed diagnosis of the provision of sanitation services in the aforementioned region. With the results, it was possible to understand the dynamics of the new division of water and sewage micro-regions, the details regarding the water supply, the pipeline systems and the cities covered by the sewage service. After the characterization, it was possible to understand the size of the gap in basic sanitation in the Upper West region of the state, considering that there are goals to be achieved to achieve universalization and government actions make little progress in these policies that promote regional development.
LA NATURALIDAD COMO EXPRESIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO BIÓTICO Y SU REPRESENTACIÓN CARTOGRÁFICA
É representada, cartograficamente, a naturalidade dos cayos Coco e Guillermo do arquipélago Sabana-Camagüey em Cuba, baseada na avaliação dos dez atributos ecossistêmicos associados à extensão e tipos das formações vegetais autóctones presentes na área de estudo. A metodologia utilizada contemplou a compilação da informação relacionada com a temática, o uso de técnicas grupais e o procedimento geométrico de imagens aeroespaciais. A combinação dos algoritmos Integridade, Patrimônio Biótico e Nível de Proteção, expressados em um ambiente SIG mediante as respectivas fichas temáticas, permitiram estabelecer a distribuição da Naturalidade como síntese de todos estes atributos, a fim de determinar o capital natural existente no território estudado.
FLOODS IN THE WEST OF LENÇÓIS MARANHENSES
Flooding is one of the natural phenomena that most impacts society when there is occupation in susceptible areas, and can occur in floodplains of fluvial, lacustrine or mixed origin. In the state of Maranhão, flood records point to the exceptionality of these events in fluvial areas of rivers in the plain, with high magnitude, as in the years 1985, 2009 and 2019, when a large number of municipalities recorded damage to property and human lives . Among the most affected municipalities, Santo Amaro do Maranhão has a history of recording damage due to flooding in a mixed environment, although systematized information about these phenomena in the municipality is incipient. The aim of this research is to analyze the panorama of floods in Santo Amaro do Maranhão with a focus on the main impacts of the disasters, based on bibliographical, documentary and cartographic research, in addition to fieldwork to evaluate the terrain and obtain data and information on the social dimension of disasters. As a result, the main areas with recorded flooding related to the increase in the water level of the Rio Alegre and Lago de Santo Amaro above the usual level of the flood period were identified, also noting that the flood points correspond to the areas with lower elevations, whose homes are more vulnerable to damage in years of exceptional rainfall.
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF PORTLAND CEMENT BY SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH IN CRONCRETE PROUCTION
Abstract: This study analyzed the partial replacement of Portland cement with sugarcane bagasse ash (CBCA) in concrete. Procedures for ash preparation and specimen manufacturing involved varying proportions of CBCA to substitute cement. Furthermore, the theoretical-experimental approach integrated compression strength tests, including X-ray diffraction tests on CBCA, aiming to comprehend its impact on concrete strength. Substituting 10% exhibited similar strength to the reference sample after 28 days, while 20% did not yield equally satisfactory results. Hence, this research contributes to understanding suitable CBCA proportions in preserving concrete strength, advancing the use of alternative materials. Moreover, it highlights opportunities to reduce Portland cement consumption and recycle waste in construction, promoting more sustainable practices.
THE REPRODUCTION OF THE PEASANTRY IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE AGRARIAN SPACE OF ANAGÉ-BA
This article aims to highlight the reproduction of the peasantry in the production of the agrarian space of Anagé-BA, providing us with elements for its reaffirmation in between the contradictory established by the capital in the brazilian field. For the making of this text, we are methodologically guided in conducting bibliographic survey for the compilation of theoretical reflections on the thematic in question, and in the reading about the daily life of anageense peasant with textual information, mapping and photographic records resulting from our field research and on oficial websites; making us understand that the peasant reality of the Anagé is reproduces even in the face of the adversities of the system of capitalism in the geographic space, one time that their strategies of permanence and resistance come guaranteeing the maintenance of life and labor of the local peasantry in its territorial trenches.