IN VITRO CULTIVATION OF BANANA IN A CULTURE MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTED WITH SELENIUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32404/rean.v13i1.10012Keywords:
Antioxidant enzymes, Gorutuba clone, Musa spp., Sodium selenate, Tissue cultureAbstract
Selenium (Se) can be supplemented in the human diet through the consumption of foods rich in this element. However, these foods are often inaccessible to low-income populations. In this context, the enrichment of staple food crops can increase the nutritional quality of the product and contribute to efforts to reduce malnutrition. Thus, during in vitro culture, the culture medium can be enriched with elements such as Se to biofortify the plantlets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of Se-biofortified micropropagated banana plantlets. 'Prata Anã' Gorutuba banana plants were cultured in vitro and subsequently acclimatized. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, and the treatments consisted of the addition of sodium selenate at Se concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 µmol L-¹, with five replicates and six culture tubes per replicate. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment contents, biochemical parameters, and Se accumulation were evaluated in each treatment at 30 days of in vitro cultivation. The number of leaves, shoot length, and stem base diameter were evaluated at 90 days of greenhouse acclimatization. The intermediate concentration of 20 μmol L-¹ Se was the most suitable for obtaining plants with greater Se accumulation without adversely affecting phytotechnical traits and resulted in greater photosynthetic activity. Higher Se concentrations increased Se accumulation but negatively affected plant growth, indicating a dose-dependent toxic effect at elevated concentrations. During acclimatization, intermediate Se concentrations maintained a better balance between biofortification efficiency and plantlet quality. Photosynthetic pigments responded positively to lower Se concentrations, whereas antioxidant enzyme activity was not significantly affected. Overall, Se biofortification through micropropagation is feasible when appropriate concentrations are used to maintain plant quality and physiological stability.
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