YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF COMMON BEAN SEEDS HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT TIMES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32404/rean.v13i1.9664.Keywords:
Phaseolus vulgaris L., Physiological maturity, Storage, VigorAbstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), native to the Americas and belonging to the family Fabaceae, is widely consumed as a staple food in Brazil. Harvesting at the appropriate time is essential to obtain seeds with higher physiological quality and to minimize yield losses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of harvest timing on yield, physiological quality, and storage potential of seeds from three common bean cultivars. To this end, seed production fields were established with the cultivars BRSMG Madrepérola, BRS Esteio, and BRSMG Marte. Treatments consisted of six harvest times (70, 77, 84, 91, 98, and 105 days after emergence – DAE) and five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). Plants were harvested and threshed manually. After seed processing, the yield of each plot was determined, and seed physiological quality was evaluated through germination, accelerated aging, and electrical conductivity tests. Seed quality was also assessed after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of storage. Maximum yields (1,930; 2,325; and 2,515 kg ha-1) were estimated by regression at 88, 88, and 86 DAE for the cultivars BRSMG Marte, Esteio, and Madrepérola, respectively. No immediate or latent effects of harvest timing were observed on seed germination or vigor. Harvesting between 84 and 91 DAE is recommended to achieve higher yields.
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